The Difference Between Naturalization and Permanent Residency
Here, we will explain the differences between “naturalization” and “permanent residency.” When you want to live in Japan stably for a long time, you will likely consider one of these two options, and many people struggle with this decision.
The fundamental difference between permanent residency and naturalization is whether or not your nationality changes.
Permanent Residency
Permanent residency is a “status of residence” that allows you to continue living in Japan as a foreign national.
Advantages
- No need to renew your period of stay.
- No restrictions on work activities.
- Increases social credibility.
- You can maintain your home country’s nationality.
Disadvantages
- Retains some restrictions as a foreigner.
- Subject to deportation.
- Requires a re-entry permit.
Naturalization
Naturalization is the process of obtaining Japanese nationality and becoming a Japanese citizen with the permission of the Minister of Justice.
Advantages
- Has the exact same rights as a Japanese citizen.
- Not subject to deportation.
- Does not require a re-entry permit.
- A family register is created.
Disadvantages
- You lose your home country’s nationality.
- You are required to change your name to a Japanese name.
- The process is more complex and time-consuming.
Comparison of Main Differences
| Feature | Permanent Residency | Naturalization |
| Nationality | Remains foreign | Acquires Japanese nationality |
| Legal Status | Foreigner | Japanese citizen |
| Application Location | Immigration Services Bureau | Legal Affairs Bureau |
| Period of Stay | Indefinite (Residence Card must be renewed) | No restrictions |
| Voting Rights | No | Yes |
| Passport | Use home country’s passport | Acquire a Japanese passport |
| Deportation | Subject to it | Not subject to it |
| Process Difficulty | Requirements can sometimes be stricter than naturalization | Requirements can sometimes be more flexible than permanent residency |
| Required Documents | Requires several recent years of tax certificates, etc. | Can sometimes be just one recent year of tax certificates, etc. |
| Fee | ¥10,000 | Free |
| Family Register | Not applicable | Created |
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